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Figure Sculpture in Wax and Plaster, by Richard McDermott Miller
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In this splendidly detailed, generously illustrated text, the well-known American sculptor Richard McDermott Miller introduces the art of modeling the human figure in two media known for their liveliness and spontaneity. Recognizing the needs of the beginner as well as the interests of the professional artist, the book masterfully puts you quickly in possession of the basic procedures you'll need to get started, provides specific details on materials and tools, and launches you into actual projects specifically designed to teach you sculptural skills.
The book first analyzes the human figure and describes the way the sculptor translates the figure into the modeled form: finding a personal style; working from photographs or memory; working from life; and capturing gesture, proportion and anatomy.
Mr. Miller then describes, step by step, how to work with wax, how to sketch a small figure in wax, how to model the figure on a wax armature, and the process of hollow wax modeling. He follows the same procedure as he introduces working with plaster, from mixing it to modeling a hollow torso.
Many other important topics, from mold-making techniques to working with models to finding out where and how to buy materials and tools, are presented. Throughout, Mr. Miller emphasizes the practice, rather than the theory of sculpture, emphasizing that, apart from the artist's need for personal expression, sculpture is a physical task involving the manipulation of materials. His concentration on the sculptor's working problems makes this an unusually useful and valuable guide to sculpting the human figure.
- Sales Rank: #756716 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Watson-Guptill Publications
- Published on: 1971
- Number of items: 1
- Binding: Hardcover
- 175 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From the Back Cover
In this splendidly detailed, generously illustrated text, the well-known American sculptor Richard McDermott Miller introduces the art of modeling the human figure in two media known for their liveliness and spontaneity. Recognizing the needs of the beginner as well as the interests of the professional artist, the book masterfully puts you quickly in possession of the basic procedures you'll need to get started, provides specific details on materials and tools, and launches you into actual projects specifically designed to teach you sculptural skills.
The book first analyzes the human figure and describes the way the sculptor translates the figure into the modeled form: finding a personal style; working from photographs or memory; working from life; and capturing gesture, proportion and anatomy.
Mr. Miller then describes, step by step, how to work with wax, how to sketch a small figure in wax, how to model the figure on a wax armature, and the process of hollow wax modeling. He follows the same procedure as he introduces working with plaster, from mixing it to modeling a hollow torso.
Many other important topics, from mold-making techniques to working with models to finding out where and how to buy materials and tools, are presented. Throughout, Mr. Miller emphasizes the practice, rather than the theory of sculpture, emphasizing that, apart from the artist's need for personal expression, sculpture is a physical task involving the manipulation of materials. His concentration on the sculptor's working problems makes this an unusually useful and valuable guide to sculpting the human figure.
Dover (1987) unabridged, slightly updated republication of the edition originally published by Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1971.
About the Author
RICHARD M. MILLER JR., is a serving officer in the U.S. Navy with extensive background in budget issues who most recently worked as a congressional analyst for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. A distinguished graduate of the National War College and the Naval War College, Commander Miller is a winner of the B. Franklin Reinauer Defense Economics Prize. In addition, he was a Federal Executive Fellow in the Institute for the Study of Conflict, Ideology, and Policy at Boston University.
Gloria Bley Miller is a professional writer with a varied background in education and the fine arts. Unable to find a complete basic Chinese cookbook, she began to pursue the knowledge of Chinese cooking on her own, haunting Chinese grocery stores, eating in all kinds of Chinese restaurants both at home and abroad, comparing notes with Chinese friends, and, most important, constantly cooking and experimenting in her own kitchen. This cookbook is the result. Miller lives in New York with her husband, a sculptor.
Most helpful customer reviews
62 of 64 people found the following review helpful.
The basics are covered at last!
By Amazon Customer
This is one of the reference books I keep in my studio.It covers techinques on materials that are not covered in other sources. The set up of the book is logical and helps one to understand the materials and techinques valuable to a sculptor focusing on the figure and other forms of expression. So valuable are these techiques as they offer a sculptor the opportunity to quickly create his design with the use of fairly inexpensive materials. i highly recommend this book to anyone serious about sculpture.
23 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
A 1970's Introduction to Direct Sculpture in Wax and Plaster
By Stephen Tashiro
"Figure Sculpture In Wax And Plaster" by Richard Miller is mainly about how to use materials, not about the shapes in a human figure. You learn things such as how to mix plaster as opposed to how to sculpt the muscles of the arms and legs. The book focuses on the "direct" use of wax and plaster. In the "direct" method, wax figures are created by using wax as one would use modeling clay, not by casting wax in a mold. Plaster figures are created by putting plaster and burlap on armatures. "Direct" wax or plaster sculpture has a rough and lumpy surface. (The figures on the cover of the book are an honest representation of what can be attained.) These methods are not useful to people who want to make scale models or highly realistic figures with smooth surfaces.
The book also has some projects involving casting wax and plaster.
The most outstanding feature of this book is the overall organization of its projects. They provide a gradual introduction to the materials. This would be a useful reference for art teachers who want to design a course that gives students substantial work but doesn't expect them to make great leaps.
The Dover edition is a reprint of a 40 year old work. The technology of wax and plaster has not changed much. However, don't expect to find any hints about using modern materials such as epoxy putty or acrylic varnish as accessories in the sculpting process. The book has a 1970's attitude toward safety and environmental hazards. If that is your own outlook then you can happily heat a mixture of petroleum jelly and kerosene in a double boiler or melt a pot of lead on your stove. From a modern perspective, some procedures in the book are only for workshops set apart from living quarters and food preparation.
The book has many photographs. All are black and white. They are not high resolution, not on glossy paper, but adequate to convey useful information.
Contents and a few notes:
Foreword page 5
Introduction page 9
1 The Figure page 11
This section gives generalities about figure sculpture and many photographs that appear to be of small figure sculptures about the size of the projects described in the book - say 8 to 12 inches tall. A few of these figures have a smooth surface, so I suspect they were not created by the "direct" methods show in the text. They may have been carved or cast in a mold from a non-wax, non-plaster original.
2 Conceptual Tools page 33
A fairly abstract discussion of how shape and proportion are used in sculpture
3 Working with wax page 48
Describes various waxes, gives formulas for making modified waxes.
4 Sketching A Small Figure in Wax
Shows modeling a small wax figure of a stooping woman in modeling wax. (I estimate she would be about 9 inches tall if standing.)
5 Modeling On A Wax Armature page 59
The small wax figures shown in this book do not need armatures for support. An armature, itself made of wax, is a useful guide to getting the proportions of a figure correct. This project uses a wax armature resembling a stick figure. The armature can be built from rods of wax made by rolling wax on a surface or by casting it into rods. (The casting of rods and armatures is a later project in the book.) More wax is added over the armature to create a standing female nude about 9 inches tall
6 Hollow Wax Modelling page 65
This project uses wax pressed into sheets to create a hollow sculpture of a female torso about 1 ft tall.
7 Working With Plaster page 72
Describes the types of plaster ( "soft" Plaster Of Paris vs "hard" Gypsum cement)
Describes tools for working with plaster. Lists shellac as a sealer for materials that come in contact for plaster. (From a modern point of view, there might be better materials, ones that don't use a solvent as flammable as alcohol .)
8 Getting The Feel Of Plaster page 82
The first project in this section is to construct a simple tower of plaster about 2 ft tall by making a succession of small pours of plaster, one on top of the other, and shaping the sides with a rasp or chisel. The student learns how to mix plaster and gets an idea of how quickly it hardens.
The second project to sculpt a small seated figure ( I estimate it would be about 10 inches tall if standing.) A wet slab of plaster is cut into pieces. After the pieces harden, they are assembled with additional plaster to form the figure.
9 Modeling The Figure Directly In Plaster page 94
In the first project, metal rods are used to construct an armature that is attached to a board as a base. A standing figure about 2 ft tall is constructed by putting strips of burlap soaked in plaster over the armature.
In the second project, a metal pipe and wire mesh ("chicken wire") are used to construct an armature for a female torso about 18 inches tall. Burlap strips soaked in plaster are applied over the armature.
10 Casting Wax From Plaster Molds page page 110
This chapter does not show any wax figures being cast. The projects involve casting slabs of wax, rods of wax or flat "stick figures" , which can be reshaped into wax armatures for figure sculptures. Simple one and two-piece molds are used.
11 Making Plaster Molds From Original Wax Sculptures page 122
The project is to make a hollow plaster cast of a female torso about 18 inches tall from a wax sculpture. A once piece mold is used. The fact that his figure has a wide base is utilized to scoop out the wax from the mold and to insert burlap and plaster into the mold to make the cast.
The second project is to cast a figure from lead using the "lost wax" process. Two ways of making a mold are discussed. One involves using plaster and burlap. The other ( only possible for small figures) is pour a shell of plaster around the original. The wax is melted out of the mold by boiling the mold in water instead of burning the wax out in a furnace. The mold is thoroughly dried. Then the figure is cast in lead.
Appendix page 152
Working With Wax
This section discusses specific brands of waxes and companies that sold them (as of 1971, I assume)
It explains how to make an alcohol lamp with a blow pipe by modifying an oil can. (Such a lamp is used for melting and welding wax.)
Working With Plaster
The section discusses specific types of plasters and their properties. Points out that plaster sold at hardware stores is generally unsuitable for sculpture. Lists companies that sell plaster ( as of 1971). Explains finishes that can be used on plaster.
Working With Metals
This section discusses the specific types of metals suitable for casting sculpture and their properties.
Information On Molds
One page of advice on storing molds and slush casting
Miscellaneous Information
Lists sources for art supplies.
Index page 173
Photo Credits page 175
I rate this book as three stars out of five to indicate that it is an average introduction to sculpture with wax and plaster. In the 1970's it was a four star book. It's still good as a course outline.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Good for a beginner
By Amazon Customer
The book is a little dated, but it provided what I wanted as a beginner - ideas.
Worth the almost give-away price.
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